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Accuracy & Specificity: Low false-positive/negative rates (core for clinical trust).
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Sensitivity: Detect low-concentration analytes (e.g., early disease markers).
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Stability: Long shelf life (typically 12-24 months) under specified storage conditions (2-8°C, avoid light).
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Compliance: Meet international standards (CE IVDR, FDA 510(k), ISO 13485) and local regulations (NMPA for China, MHRA for UK).
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Compatibility: Match diagnostic instruments (e.g., automated analyzers, PCR machines) for seamless integration.
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Hospitals & Clinical Labs: Routine checkups, disease diagnosis (e.g., liver/kidney function tests).
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Rapid Testing (POCT): Emergency rooms, community clinics, home use (e.g., antigen tests, pregnancy kits).
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Pharmaceutical R&D: Drug efficacy monitoring, clinical trial companion diagnostics.
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Public Health: Epidemic surveillance (e.g., infectious disease screening).